Table 3 Volatile flavor substances in low-temperature vacuum-cooked duck meat fed with different diets during storage (n=N=5) (Unit: ug/g)

Library/ID	Control group (days)				Test group(days)				p-value (Time)	p-value (Group)	p-value (Interaction)
	0	7	14	21	0	7	14	21
Aldehydes
Benzaldehyde	ND	ND	0.066±0.096	0.040±0.007	0.186±0.044	0.035±0.007	0.022±0.003	0.059±0.007	0.001	0	0
Tridecanal	0.030±0.013	0.036±0.012	0.015±0.026	0.001±0.003	0.020±0.012	0.010±0.002	0.005±0.002	0.016±0.004	0.008	0.057	0.007
Pentanal	0.163±0.050	0.213±0.047	0.059±0.088	0.035±0.006	0.082±0.078	0.021±0.012	0.020±0.004	0.034±0.020	0	0	0.001
Heptanal	0.319±0.068	0.336±0.034	0.115±0.133	0.079±0.016	0.290±0.049	0.098±0.020	0.048±0.006	0.080±0.009	0	0	0
Decanal	0.078±0.025	0.077±0.013	0.027±0.041	0.011±0.004	0.060±0.017	0.014±0.002	0.007±0.002	0.018±0.004	0	0	0.003
Undecanal	0.016±0.005	0.018±0.004	0.021±0.042	0.000±0.001	0.011±0.001	0.005±0.001	0.001±0.000	0.003±0.002	0.337	0.079	0.359
Dodecanal	0.035±0.015	0.037±0.021	0.012±0.013	0.006±0.001	0.025±0.002	0.015±0.004	0.005±0.002	0.010±0.003	0	0.014	0.09
Benzeneacetaldehyde	0.008±0.008	ND	0.006±0.013	ND	0.006±0.005	0.001±0.001	0.000±0.000	ND	0.05	0.343	0.495
Propanal	ND	ND	0.000±0.000	ND	0.026±0.029	ND	0.000±0.001	0.001±0.003	0.024	0.043	0.022
Octanal	0.662±0.212	0.734±0.075	0.255±0.302	0.156±0.035	0.507±0.071	0.154±0.022	0.083±0.011	0.171±0.018	0	0	0
Nonanal	4.213±1.330	3.906±0.719	0.377±0.242	0.539±0.139	2.512±0.617	0.640±0.118	0.298±0.069	0.784±0.142	0	0	0
Tetradecanal	0.022±0.021	0.045±0.032	0.066±0.135	0.008±0.004	0.011±0.015	0.005±0.007	0.007±0.006	0.019±0.012	0.749	0.129	0.434
2-Heptenal, (E)-	0.069±0.022	0.080±0.048	0.005±0.003	0.003±0.005	0.043±0.027	0.003±0.004	0.004±0.003	0.012±0.007	0	0.001	0
2-Nonenal, (E)-	0.068±0.021	0.070±0.043	0.005±0.003	0.004±0.005	0.050±0.013	0.005±0.007	0.004±0.002	0.006±0.008	0	0.001	0.001
2-Dodecenal, (E)-	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.005±0.012	ND	0.002±0.003	0.003±0.006	0.699	0.098	0.699
2-Undecenal	ND	ND	0.002±0.003	0.001±0.002	ND	0.004±0.005	ND	ND	0.382	0.976	0.05
2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)-	0.027±0.010	0.059±0.012	0.007±0.011	0.003±0.001	0.018±0.007	0.003±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.007±0.001	0	0	0
2-Octenal, (E)-	0.158±0.056	0.242±0.051	0.013±0.004	0.023±0.005	0.112±0.038	0.018±0.003	0.010±0.003	0.032±0.006	0	0	0
Pentadecanal-	0.031±0.025	0.046±0.034	0.006±0.005	0.010±0.002	0.027±0.003	0.010±0.006	0.008±0.003	0.023±0.015	0.016	0.221	0.014
2-Decenal, (E)-	0.033±0.010	0.051±0.005	0.007±0.004	0.009±0.002	0.022±0.005	0.006±0.001	0.003±0.001	0.004±0.002	0	0	0
Benzaldehyde, 4-ethyl-	0.007±0.006	0.005±0.007	0.000±0.000	ND	0.027±0.016	0.006±0.003	0.002±0.001	0.007±0.005	0	0.002	0.03
Butanal, 3-methyl-	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.043±0.059	0.010±0.020	ND	0.001±0.002	0.128	0.062	0.128
2,4-Nonadienal, (E,E)-	ND	0.023±0.005	ND	ND	0.012±0.004	ND	ND	ND	0	0.001	0
2-Nonenal, (Z)-	ND	0.019±0.043	0.005±0.012	0.002±0.005	ND	0.006±0.006	ND	0.004±0.006	0.324	0.437	0.757
Hexadecanal	0.012±0.014	0.023±0.040	0.007±0.010	0.003±0.005	0.004±0.006	0.020±0.003	0.012±0.009	0.008±0.019	0.208	0.997	0.825
4-Decenal, (E)-	0.073±0.051	0.087±0.057	0.007±0.002	0.007±0.004	0.063±0.018	ND	0.004±0.002	0.019±0.005	0	0.019	0.002
Hexanal	6.764±1.429	6.710±0.996	0.723±0.383	1.438±0.294	5.124±1.308	1.322±0.224	0.804±0.095	1.595±0.261	0	0	0
4-Heptenal, (Z)-	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.010±0.002	0.000±0.000	0.000±0.000	0.001±0.001	0	0	0
Acetaldehyde	0.014±0.020	ND	0.008±0.019	ND	0.007±0.017	ND	0.002±0.004	ND	0.131	0.372	0.844
Alcohols
1-Hexanol	0.049±0.037	0.026±0.007	0.009±0.010	0.083±0.031	0.101±0.074	0.010±0.003	0.004±0.001	0.070±0.013	0	0.645	0.078
1-Heptanol	0.074±0.015	0.067±0.006	0.019±0.029	0.022±0.007	0.043±0.025	0.013±0.002	0.007±0.002	0.015±0.008	0	0	0.007
1-Octanol	0.077±0.173	0.156±0.215	0.022±0.035	0.052±0.048	0.187±0.175	0.029±0.041	0.026±0.025	0.041±0.057	0.209	0.882	0.206
1-Octen-3-ol	1.695±0.369	1.354±0.218	0.930±1.668	0.334±0.072	1.335±0.227	0.273±0.062	0.169±0.022	0.434±0.062	0.001	0.011	0.183
4-Ethylcyclohexanol	ND	0.007±0.010	0.001±0.002	ND	0.003±0.006	0.001±0.002	ND	ND	0.155	0.483	0.172
2-Propyl-1-pentanol	0.062±0.089	ND	ND	ND	0.011±0.025	ND	ND	ND	0.038	0.227	0.229
1-Penten-3-ol	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.009±0.005	0.001±0.001	0.000±0.001	0.001±0.002	0	0	0
Ethanol	0.011±0.010	0.071±0.039	0.008±0.014	0.009±0.009	0.014±0.010	0.028±0.022	0.003±0.002	0.008±0.006	0	0.054	0.027
1-Pentanol	0.129±0.026	0.077±0.045	0.017±0.010	0.031±0.018	0.085±0.022	0.019±0.012	0.006±0.006	0.032±0.006	0	0	0.017
Ketones
2-Heptanone	0.088±0.027	0.103±0.019	0.033±0.049	0.022±0.004	0.077±0.012	0.016±0.003	0.010±0.001	0.029±0.004	0	0	0
3-Octen-2-one	0.007±0.010	0.012±0.013	ND	ND	0.007±0.010	ND	ND	ND	0.037	0.156	0.144
5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl-, (E)-	0.001±0.003	0.004±0.003	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.000±0.001	0.077	0.037	0.033
3,5-Octadien-2-one	0.006±0.009	0.016±0.015	ND	ND	0.008±0.011	ND	ND	0.005±0.004	0.067	0.344	0.016
2,3-Octanedione	2.316±2.217	0.729±1.316	0.068±0.148	0.483±0.148	0.427±0.931	0.174±0.229	0.001±0.003	0.494±0.677	0.039	0.058	0.147
Acids
Nonanoic acid	0.034±0.047	0.070±0.060	0.001±0.002	0.001±0.002	0.056±0.034	0.025±0.007	0.008±0.008	0.040±0.024	0.012	0.555	0.03
Acetic acid	ND	ND	0.029±0.062	0.000±0.000	ND	0.004±0.001	0.001±0.000	ND	0.37	0.392	0.36
Esters
n-Caproic acid vinyl ester	2.133±2.105	3.674±2.095	0.089±0.122	ND	1.845±1.811	ND	0.180±0.106	0.334±0.462	0.001	0.031	0.003
Hydrocarbons
Undecane, 3-methyl-	0.002±0.005	ND	ND	ND	0.008±0.011	ND	ND	ND	0.024	0.289	0.34
Dodecane	0.027±0.010	0.026±0.003	0.039±0.082	0.003±0.002	0.036±0.019	0.006±0.001	0.002±0.001	0.003±0.004	0.219	0.217	0.331
Decane	0.013±0.013	ND	0.000±0.000	ND	0.018±0.009	0.001±0.001	ND	ND	0	0.457	0.794
Hexadecane	0.007±0.002	0.010±0.003	0.004±0.005	0.002±0.000	0.001±0.002	0.003±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.003±0.000	0.002	0	0.011
Tridecane	0.026±0.010	0.030±0.006	0.009±0.011	0.004±0.001	0.025±0.002	0.008±0.002	0.003±0.001	0.008±0.003	0	0.004	0
Tetradecane	0.018±0.004	0.017±0.002	0.006±0.008	0.003±0.000	0.016±0.001	0.006±0.001	0.002±0.000	0.005±0.001	0	0.002	0.005
Heptadecane	ND	0.006±0.006	0.019±0.040	ND	ND	0.003±0.000	0.000±0.000	0.000±0.001	0.371	0.249	0.387
Furans	ND
Furan, 2-pentyl-	0.373±0.165	0.355±0.104	0.020±0.008	0.040±0.018	0.272±0.085	0.028±0.004	0.016±0.004	0.087±0.029	0	0	0
2-Furanmethanol, 5-ethenyltetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.,5-trimethyl-, cis-	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.002±0.004	ND	ND	ND	0.065	0.113	0.065
Aromatic compounds
Naphthalene	ND	0.002±0.006	0.004±0.006	ND	0.003±0.007	0.003±0.002	ND	0.003±0.003	0.828	0.46	0.213
Others Silanediol, dimethyl-	0.042±0.025	0.055±0.035	0.020±0.031	0.013±0.003	0.033±0.005	0.008±0.005	0.004±0.003	0.017±0.005	0.015	0.009	0.038
Carbon dioxide	0.014±0.003	0.020±0.003	ND	0.007±0.002	0.012±0.002	0.005±0.000	0.003±0.000	0.008±0.000	0	0	0
Carbon disulfide	0.059±0.024	0.097±0.038	0.016±0.004	0.035±0.008	0.049±0.011	ND	0.015±0.001	0.037±0.017	0	0	0
Ethylene oxide	0.015±0.028	ND	ND	0.002±0.005	ND	ND	ND	0.008±0.011	0.3	0.467	0.186
Formamide, N,N-dibutyl-	ND	ND	0.000±0.000	0.000±0.000	0.005±0.003	ND	0.000±0.000	0.000±0.001	0	0.003	0

Control group: control feed (feed without fish meal), n=5; Experimental group: (feed with fish meal), n=5.
Values are expressed as means±SD (n=5).
p-values were determined by multivariate analysis of variance (M-MANOVA) using Group and Time as fixed factors. Significance level was set at p<0.05.
ND, not detected.